Pathology of viruses

         adenovirus, hepadnaviral family (hep B), herpes virus, Papo virus family, poxvirus family (molluscum contagiosum, smallpox)

RNA viruses

viruses do harm by:

destroying our cells as their progeny are released

 rendering infected cells non-functional

 exciting cell-mediated immunity, which destroys otherwise-healthy cells, which happen to be infected by the virus.

 causing cell overgrowth, which may be unsightly, a fertile ground of carcinogenesis, or full-blown malignancy

 neutralizing antibodies prevent or eliminate viral infection by binding to the viruses themselves

cell-mediated immunity and interferon are also important.

 viral inclusions are aggregates of virus proteins, visible by light microscopy

        intranuclear

                adenovirus

                CMV

                herpes simple I&II

                herpes zoster

                measles

         intracytoplasmic

                CMV

                rabies

               molluscum contagiosum

                chlamydia

Virus respiratory disorders

 URI involve the nose, sinuses, throat, tonsils, and/or middle ear

LRI involve the larynx, trachea, bronchi, alveoli, and/or pleura

 in a typical viral interstitial pneumonitis, inflammatory cells fill the alveolar spaces- in fatal chest colds, there is more florid cell damage; death results when the airways are sufficiently damaged to allow fibrin to escape and block air flow and exchange

 rhinovirus – the common cold; URI directly, do not cause LRI

 coronaviruses – the second most common cause of the cold; do not cause LRI

adenovirus – common colds, chest colds, red eyes, and/or GI upsets; necrosis is typical of the most severe adenovirus pneumonitis, which can be fatal; pathologists notice enlarged, basophilic nuclei without any texture; these denote smudge cells

 influenza – primarily an infection of any and all parts of the respiratory tree

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