Physiology , Anatomy Levels of Organization

https://ruc.edu.iq/Physiology & Anatomy of Levels of Organization Physiology Lecture Notes

بروفسيورعلي التميمي ,استاذ الباثوفسيولوجي والتشريح المرضي

البروفسيور د. علي التميمي ,استاذ الباثوفسيولوجي والتشريح المرضي,دكتوراة الكلية الملكية انكلترا,وزميل كلية الامراض البورد الامريكي

Prof Ali Altamimi Professor of Pathophysiology & Anatomical Pathology

MbCHB,MSC,PHD,MD.Royal College London

محاضرات للاقسام الطبية لطلبة كلية الرافدين الجامعة

General Organization of the Body:

Axial Portion – head, neck, trunk | Appendicular Portion – arms & legs

Several body cavities and layers of membranes within cavities

2. Variety of organs and organ systems within cavities

(VISCERA = internal organs. also: “visceral organs”)

Body Cavities Dorsal Cavity | Ventral Cavity

ORGAN SYSTEMS
1. Integumentary	Body covering. Skin, hair, nails, sweat glands. – protect underlying tissues, regulate body temperature
2. Skeletal	Bones, ligaments, cartilage – Support, movement, protection; production of blood cells
3. Muscular	Muscles of the body – Movement, posture, production of body heat
4. Nervous	Brain, spinal cord, nerves – Communication, mental activities
5. Endocrine	Glands = pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, ovaries, testes – Secretion of hormones, chemical communication
6. Digestive	Mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, – Breakdown of food (digestion), absorption
7. Circulatory	Heart, blood vessels, blood. – Transports materials throughout the body.
8. Lymphatic	( Immune System) – fights infections
8. Urinary	Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra – filters wastes from the blood, maintains water balance
9. Reproductive	Reproductive organs, primarily the ovaries (females) and testes (males)

Thoracic Cavity – right and left separated by mediastinum.

2. Abdominopelvic Cavity (abdominal + pelvic cavity)

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